Wrong Medicine For Asia Essays - Stock Market Crashes, Free Essays

Wrong Medicine For Asia Essays - Stock Market Crashes, Free Essays Wrong Medicine For Asia The Wrong Medicine for Asia By JEFFREY D. SACHS CAMBRIDGE, Mass. In a matter of only a couple of months, the Asian economies went from being the sweethearts of the venture network to being virtual untouchables. There was a pinch of the crazy in the unfurling dramatization, as universal cash supervisors brutally chastised exactly the same Asian governments they were commending only months prior. The International Monetary Fund has recently declared a second bailout bundle for the locale, about $20 billion for Indonesia. That should, in head, support certainty. Be that as it may, in the event that it is attached to standard money related conditions, including spending cuts and strongly higher loan fees, the bundle could accomplish more damage than anything else, changing a cash emergency into a fearsome financial downturn. In the Great Depression, froze speculators fled from feeble banks in the United States and abroad. Since banks obtain present moment so as to loan long haul, they can be tossed into emergency when countless investors out of nowhere line up to pull back cash. In the prior days store protection, singular investors would all attempt to be preferred choice for withdrawals. In 1933, the Federal Reserve played it deplorably off-base. Instead of loaning cash to the banks to quiet the frenzy and to show the investors that they could to be sure despite everything get their cash out, the Fed fixed credit, as budgetary universality recommended. Certainty sank, and the financial framework disintegrated. The Asian emergency is similar to a bank run. Speculators are arranging to be the first out of the area. A great part of the frenzy is a self-taking care of free for all: regardless of whether the economies were on a very basic level solid toward the beginning of the frenzy, no one needs to be the last one out when monetary standards are debilitating and banks are tottering a result of the quick channel of remote credits. I t is some way or another consoling, as in a decent profound quality story, to accuse debasement and blunder in Asia for the emergency. Truly, these exist, and they debilitate financial life. Be that as it may, the emergency itself is increasingly person on foot: no economy can without much of a stretch climate a terrified withdrawal of certainty, particularly if the cash was flooding in not more than months prior. The I.M.F. has shown up rapidly on the scene, yet the East Asian monetary emergency is totally different from the arrangement of issues that the I.M.F. commonly plans to understand. The I.M.F's. standard objective is an administration maintaining an unsustainable lifestyle, financing spending deficiencies by printing cash at the national bank. The outcome is expansion, along with a debilitating cash and a channel of outside trade saves. In these conditions, money related universality bodes well: cut the spending shortage and confine national bank credits to the administration. The outcome will be to cut expansion and end the debilitating of the money and loss of remote trade saves. In Southeast Asia, this story just doesn't make a difference. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have all been running financial plan surpluses, not deficiencies. Expansion has been low in the entirety of the nations. Remote trade holds, until this previous year, were steady or rising, not falling. The issues rose in the private division. In the entirety of the nations, global currency advertise supervisors and speculation banks went on a loaning gorge from 1993 to 1996. To a shifting degree in the entirety of the nations, the transient getting from abroad was utilized, impulsively, to help long haul interests in land and other non-sending out areas. This year, the air pocket burst. Speculators woke up to the debilitating in Asia's fare development. A blend of rising compensation costs, rivalry from China and lower interest for Asia's fares (particularly hardware) made fares deteriorate in 1996 and the initial segment of 1997. It turned out to be evident that if the Asians would contend, their monetary standards would need to fall against the dollar so their expenses of creation would be lower. It additionally turned out to be evident that with outside loaning redirected into land adventures, there was some hazard that the borrowers, particularly banks and fund organizations, would be not able to support the obligations if the trade rates debilitated. All things considered, rentals on land improvements would be earned in nearby cash, while the obligations would need to be reimbursed in dollars. The shortcomings in the Asian economies

God And Descartes Essays - Epistemology, Ren Descartes, Thought

God And Descartes May 25th, 2000 Descartes starts demonstrating the presence of God through his contemplations on information with an end goal to demonstrate the cynics of his time wrong. He initially verifies that human information is put together completely a lot with respect to unproved presuppositions. He contends that this makes it hard to recognize truth and blunder, since we can't perceive genuine information. Descartes proposes that the mission for information must be founded on all inclusive uncertainty. In particular, he proposes the accompanying corresponding to his all inclusive methodic question: 1. In request to look for truth, it is important once over an amazing span, to question, quite far, for goodness' sake. 2. We should likewise to consider as bogus all that is dubious. 3. We should not in the interim to utilize question in the direct of life... 4. Why we may uncertainty of reasonable things. 5. Why we may likewise uncertainty of numerical showings. 6. We can't uncertainty of our reality while we question, what's more, this is the primary information we procure when we philosophize all together. Descartes continued to strip away his insight base so as to decide the one apparent truth, Cogito, hence total. From this outright information of his own reality, he set about concluding the presence of God through ontological contention. ? In our brains, the possibility of God is one of an endlessly immaculate Being ? A boundlessly impeccable being must have presence, else it would not be interminably great. ? Hence, God exists. In demonstrating the presence of God, Descartes set the basis for verifying that God made man. He further proposed that God, being vastly great and not a swindler, couldn't have given man the beguiling forces of information. Along these lines, man's intellectual capacities are resolved to be reliable given we separate what there is of clear and unmistakable in the information based on what is dark and befuddled. Utilizing this thinking, man must dispose of all past information which is question ridden, all tactile based information (as recognitions can be misdirecting), and all intellection. Therefore, wariness is expelled and legitimate information conceivable. Descartes basic role was the barrier of human information against the assaults of the doubters. He was legitimized in barring assumptions, presuppositions, and conventions in deciding the cutoff points of information. Descartes disposed of the capacity of the brain to know truth and the human capacities of logical inconsistency and adequate explanation. In doing as such, he made a answer for the difficult outlandish. As it identifies with his hypothesis of the presence of God, Descartes general uncertainty disproves his own decision regarding God's presence. Descartes shaped a thought of God as an endlessly decent being. He would have needed to find this thought inside his own psyche. As indicated by his guideline of general uncertainty, he can't just know whether his origination of God is right or erroneous. He would have, as his very own issue rule, thought about it as bogus until demonstrated something else. Consequently, since the possibility of God is in question, the dependability of man's thinking must likewise be far fetched and Descartes can't get away from his own genuine uncertainty. Descartes utilizes a procedure of thinking, a scientific formulae, in endeavoring to exhibit God's presence. On the off chance that his thinking is of certifiably far fetched legitimacy, by what means can Descartes exhibit God's presence? The legitimacy of Descartes thinking is expected to stream as an outcome of the unending flawlessness of God; and God's endless flawless is made sure through Descartes' thinking powers before he has even demonstrated that these thinking powers are substantial and reliable. Descartes expect the very thing in advance which he plans to demonstrate a short time later. (Asking the inquiry). Descartes acknowledges the dependability of his resources in showing the presence and vast flawlessness of God, and that is ill-conceived. A dubiously substantial workforce will create a suspiciously legitimate contention which will, thusly, produce a dubiously substantial end. The whole contention for God's presence is in this way invalidated by a presume thinking process. Since he demonstrates the unwavering quality of his explanation and procedure by methods for God's veracity, the confirmation of his unwavering quality can't be built up certain. Along these lines, Descartes endeavor to vindicate the legitimacy of human information fizzled, since, by dismissing the unwavering quality of his own forces to find and know truth, he made it inconceivable for himself to expel himself from his own widespread uncertainty. Further, Descartes has stamped irregularities in the way in which he applies his system. He indicates to dismiss everything in his interest of major information, even standards of logical inconsistency and adequate reason. As a general rule, he doesn't. He accept

Harassment in the Workplace :: Workplace Harassment

Tracy is a multi year-old achieved teacher whose life was flipped around. She had been educating for a long time and had gotten gleaming references and numerous letters from the Dean complimenting her on her exhibition. At that point, Tracy was moved to a remote nation school where, without precedent for her life, she encountered work environment tormenting to where she turned out to be sick and could no longer face going to work. For a long time Tracy set up with harassing. An associate/unrivaled revealed to her that it wouldn’t matter on the off chance that she was dead. She was truly pushed. She was confined by not being remembered for staff festivities, or humanitarian effort ventures, and the staff included would not sit by her. She was mortified by having a moron cap put on her head during a school execution. She was hollered at during a gathering for being late yet other people who showed up later got no censure. She was denied proper assets to carry out her responsibility and was informed that thirty bits of workmanship paper was adequate for the whole year. She persevered through mental games by being caused to feel just as there was a major issue with her. Tracy persevered through this treatment from her associates and bosses for six long years and now she has significant burdensome disease with nervousness assaults that are terrible to the point that she rests and moans. She has evening enuresis that compounds when she is exceptionally focused. She has attempted to end it all. Tracy has gotten a hermit and depicts herself as a sad remnant of her previous certain self. Tracy’s story isn't a segregated case. Numerous laborers have persevered through comparative treatment with annihilating impacts. (Freeman) John stated: I had lost my character and confidence, and there was a ton of uncertain annoyance that I needed to relinquish before I could channel my energies into the future.† Simone stated: â€Å"I for all intents and purposes turned myself back to front to pick up his endorsement yet went no place in the organization. He disregarded my contribution at gatherings, scoffed and talked through my introductions. Companions in the business passed on very horrible gossipy tidbits about me. I realize he began them, yet have no confirmation.

Project On Transport System Of Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Project On Transport System Of Australia? Answer: Presentation The light rail organize is a task on the vehicle arrangement of Australia (Mulley et al., 2016). This venture is significant in setting of the advancement of the vehicle framework in the nation (Miller et al., 2014). This would be improving the traffic arrangement of the nation, as it were, and furthermore help limiting the weight in the times of heavy traffic. The venture is structured by Transport Canberra as they are hoping to execute a framework that would cover the whole area and help in the movement of the individuals. The light rail is a vehicle framework that would offer number of choices for the improvement of the structure of the city of Canberra. The city is probably the busiest city of the nation and has the most unpredictable traffic. Subsequently, so as to improve the traffic of the city this sort of venture is being thought about. The task that is configuration is evaluated to conceal to 13 Km roughly in and around the city. The report gives the data about the light rail arrange execution inside the city of Canberra. The report gives the meaning of the light rail organize venture, the applied structure and the expense for the usage of the framework. Needs Definition Before having any additional data about the light rail it is essential to know about the meaning of light rail (Brown et al., 2015). The vehicle that is electric rail-borne generally made in various stages for overhauling both the limit and furthermore speeds is known as the light-rail. The system of these electric borne rails is known as the light rail organize. This framework utilizes the low amazed explained cable cars that normally get the power from the electric wires. This gives the planner the chance to execute the rails in the roads. The system can utilize various vehicles so that, there can be a two way benefits gave to the explorers inside the city. The system would likewise make it extremely advantageous and agreeable for the individuals of the city to make a trip from one spot to the next. The light rail arrange framework is actualized for the accommodation of the individuals, however it is additionally ensured that the framework doesn't hamper the harmony in the earth. The framework is planned in a clamor free condition. The engine that is utilized in the framework is a commotion free one and aides in maintaining a strategic distance from the clamor contamination. Notwithstanding this the framework that will be actualized runs on power and thus this system framework likewise understands the issues with the air contamination issues. Notwithstanding all these the light rail runs at a normal speed of 75 kilometers for each hour. Consequently, the light rail gives preferences in different parts to the city. They help in the streamlining the traffic blockage of the city just as help in the decrease of the degree of contamination inside the city. Moreover, the light rail additionally have significant measure of conveying limit that for the most part helps in diminishing the measure of traffic that the city needs to confront. This system likewise fills the void for the need of transport that is made by the transport and the taxi benefits in the city (Naznin, Currie Logan, 2016). What's more, in contrast with the transport and the taxi benefits in the city the light rail gives the individuals unquestionably more solace in their movements. Subsequently, the advancement of the system would not just give the city different sorts of favorable circumstances yet in addition for the individuals of the city and the individuals making a trip to the city by making their excursion simple and agreeable. Applied plan Transports Canberra is hoping to actualize the light rail organize in the city so that can facilitate the traffic complexities that are predominant in the city and furthermore picking up the different sort of favorable circumstances that are given by this task (MacKenzie et al., 2015). Canberra is distinguished as one of the busiest city in Australia as far as traffic. Thus, to back out the traffic in the city the light rail has been planned. The all out populace of the city is assessed to be around 55,000 and most of the populace utilizes the open vehicles as their essential method of transport. As a result of nature of outrageous nouns in flood hour it is recognized that the flood hour is particularly standard in the city. It is found that the outcome is particularly responsible for making fitting vehicle nouns inside the city of Canberra .This detail helps in certifying the proximity of far reaching number of workers. Figure 1: Artist impression of a light rail framework Source: (Capital Metro Agency, 2014) There is a sign about the city and the light rail arrange framework actualized in the city, that system of the light rail is executed on the primary streets of the city, however along the edges in the streets with the goal that it doesn't hamper the typical traffic of the city. The thought is to use the free spaces on the roadways with the usage of the tracks for the light rail organize. The city presently helps in arranging expansions that are obliged for various roads and thusly the light rail framework undertaking is seen to be dependably a testing one for appropriate execution (Flannery et al., 2015). It helps in giving another choice to ship office that is given on involved road to improving open choice off open vehicle for adventures that generally exists between country domains. It is seen as one of the relating conversely with various techniques for transportation rather repudiating them Figure 2: Proposed light rail organize Source: (made by Author) Subsequently, the thought related with the execution of the framework is the chance of actualizing a rail framework inside the principle streets in the city. Notwithstanding this it is likewise to remembered that the broadness of the lanes in the city are not traded off for the execution of the task. The proposed adventure will be valuable in giving real help of the broad number of explorers in city of Canberra including all of the locales. The sensible arrangement of the light rail structure is generally isolated in five phases that consolidate, ID of the necessities, improvement of an essential plan, examination of the created plan and set up of a last structure for the framework. Course arrangement The city of Canberra have an exceptionally elevated level of populace who are reliant altogether on the roadways and consequently the utilization of the private vehicles have been expanding. Therefore this is offering ascend to the degree of clog in the city of the city. This venture would understand this sort of issues for the city (Basu, 2014). The system would cover practically the entirety of the locales of the city and would for the most part go through the significant areas inside the city. This task would likewise give different kind of social advantage for the city also. This course for the rail would likewise go through the most clogged piece of the city and would resolve the blockage issues inside the city and this would legitimize the course arrangement for the undertaking. Money related just as financial thought Estimation is made with respect to the absolute expense of the framework and all out expense for the usage of the framework summarize to 794 million dollars. Region of cost $m ostensible Areas and Stops 11 Cost for arrangement 96 Streets and utility framework 128 Force, rail framework and flagging 127 Station and Stabling 58 Contractual worker benefit and overhead 60 Complete Construction Cost 479 Moving stock 66 Absolute expense of the arrangement 545 Acceleration 65 Sub Total 610 Possibility 184 All out task cost of outturn 794 The assessed cost for the most part, relies upon the idea of plan that would be given by the specialized and the monetary specialists selected for the usage of the framework (Love et al., 2017). Among the significant discoveries for the undertaking the possibility was found with the estimation of the worth structure the investigation of the fundamental hazard alleviation methodology. The assessed cost is the insignificant estimation of the entire undertaking accepted from the approximated qualities and the main having the consistent up for thought. The capital for the undertaking is the unimportant venture cost and not the real capital paid by the administration for the fulfillment of the task. Advantage Cost proportion The possibility for the venture can be decided by various achievements that are to be accomplished by the task for thinking of it as attainable. The venture is now achievable socially however for the monetary practicality of the task the money saving advantage investigation is to be performed (Yorriti Ikpe, 2014). The money saving advantage examination would give the data about the advantages picked up from the venture financially. The principle costs for the undertaking are the expense of land and the transportation esteems. It is recognized for the investigation that the BRC esteem for the undertaking is more noteworthy than one and consequently, this outcomes in the task to be monetarily attainable. The conveyance for the undertaking can likewise be foreseen without any problem. In spite of the fact that the monetary advantage for the venture doesn't ensure any sort of social profit by the undertaking. Cost related situation Worth $m PV Venture Benefits Transportation Benefits 406 Advantages from land usage 381 More extensive monetary effects 198 All out advantages accomplished from venture Capex 619 Opex 204 All out task related expense 823 Monetary related markers BCR 1.0 NPV 161 BCR 1.2 Component of cost capital Cost

Paper on TV shows and the reading Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper on TV appears and the perusing - Movie Review Example Something particularly unexpected is noted with respect to the â€Å"Lucy Does a Commercial† scene from the â€Å"I Love Lucy† appear. By all accounts, the scene draws in the crowds with a whimsical depiction of an accidental Lucy gradually getting completely inebriated. In any case, on a more profound level, the depiction of female inebriation is just permissible inside the cultural imperatives of that time because of the way that it was accidental. Additionally, an optional degree of cultural shows which are tested just as insisted are concerning the manner by which Lucy alludes to both the executive and her better half by saying â€Å"yes sir†. Albeit curious, this degree of passive consent is some way or another strange and stands in obvious incongruity to the way that her consenting to do the business at all was assembled totally upon duplicity and deceives her better half (Doty 18). In such a manner, the sex jobs and inadequacy that ladies held during the 1 950s is satisfactorily shown while simultaneously displaying a â€Å"will to power† and freedom of male constraint by Lucy’s heading off to whatever means are essential so as to achieve her objectives and wants (Di Gregorio 58). The comedic incongruity of the whole circumstance is the thing that adds to the understanding that there is a genuine and present imperfection inside society that is tended to by Lucy’s non-straight way to deal with male closed-mindedness and predominance inside her own life. A comparable degree of farce and incongruity is confirm with respect to Girls season 1 (pilot scene). The incendiary degree of parody is prove inside this specific show concerning the manner by which the young lady young lady elements that are displayed inside the plot lines so totally and altogether separate from the young lady kid elements that are confirm. Normally, the crowd is completely mindful of the way that people are unique in relation to each other both i n genuineness and enthusiastic reaction to key issues; nonetheless, the ludicrous manner by which this is introduced takes into consideration an incredibly silly degree of contrast to be noted as a methods for permitting the watcher to go to a progressively significant comprehension of how the genders identify with each other and generally experience a total breakdown in sane comprehension (Stransky 41). Components of sexual orientation non-consistency are permitted to saturate the plot also because of the way that the extraordinary and ludicrous conduct that men/young men display inside the show drives the fundamental female characters to search each other out in a world that has apparently turned its back to them. In spite of the fact that this ought not be intended to characterize an unmistakable lesbian dynamic, the psychological condition of the relationship that the two principle characters share is exceptionally cozy when contrasted with whatever other relationship that is ch aracterized or related inside the show. In conclusion, concerning season 4 scene 90 of the â€Å"Roseanne† appear, the watcher is introduced an entertainingly absurd circumstance where average young conduct is responded to in an oppressive way by the guardians. Proceeding in this example of euphoric numbness concerning the standard methods by which youngsters are probably going to act and would best respond to remedial control, the grown-ups perpetually bumble into a circumstance where they remember and re-foundation the equivalent domineering style of tyrannical guideline that turned them against their folks such huge numbers of years prior

2020 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago Academic Scholarship for 2019/2020 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Financial Aid team would like to announce an upcoming scholarship opportunity through the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicagos Academic Scholarship Program. This scholarship is aimed to help Jewish college and graduate students with their education costs, and assistance is available for those with financial need who are pursuing careers in the helping professions. These scholarships range from $1,000 to $8,000, and are renewable. The deadline to apply for the 2019/2020 academic year is  February 1, 2019.  The full eligibility requirements are listed on their website below, which includes availability for an in-person interview between March 1 and April 20, 2019.  If you qualify and would like to apply this scholarship, we encourage you to add the deadline to your calendar as soon as possible. Find the full scholarship details and eligibility requirements on their website at JCFS.org/JVSscholarships. As always, please check SIPAs External Funding Database for other opportunities.

Boeing Business Activity Coursework - 1100 Words

Boeing Business Activity (Coursework Sample) Content: BOEING COMPANYS BUSINESS ACTIVITYStudents NameCourse NameDate Due Competitive AnalysisThe Boeing Company is a household name among the aerospace companies in the world. Besides the commercial aircrafts like 787 Dreamliner, they manufacture military aircrafts which include the Chinook, Apache and the Osprey as well as satellites, launch systems and missile defense systems (Hoovers.com, 2015). These products have built them portfolio services and brought to them corporate customers like the United States department of defense and NASA and they as well provide financing and leasing services to commercial and military customers. Aircraft Industry Globalization The airline industry is rapidly becoming global because of few players but high competition and big capital requirements are driving the need to maximize volume to tap all possible markets (Classes.soe.ucse.edu, 2015). It is therefore not imaginable to have regional or national strategies and succeed in the industry . Many customers among which governments consider this industry strategic and as a consequence there are several joint ventures to the fact that deals, and mergers have becomes almost a requirement to remove barriers to trading. Boeing Competitors Today the commercial jet aircraft markets is very competitive and the airline industry is also extremely competitive and so Boeing is faced with very aggressive international competitors who have intention of increasing on their market shares and such companies include Airbus, Embraer and the Bombardier (Bga aeroweb.com, 2015). Other competitors for Boeing include some new entrants like Irkut (United Aircraft Corporation) from Russia, COMAC from China and Honda Aircraft and Mitsubishi aircrafts from Japan. Boeing is therefore focused on improvement of their processes as well cutting costs of running their business. SWOT Analysis Boeing is the worlds leader in aerospace outfits and is leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners as well as military aircrafts with more than 174,000 employees and they have annual revenues close to USD$ 85 billion. StrengthsAmong the strengths of the company is their Robust Commercial Order Book which has led to their brisk demand for new airplanes like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner which has seen aircrafts being upgraded more often than before. This is expected to trend into the future due to competition, low interest rates and the heightened emphasis on light fuel efficient aircraft designs. Other strengths include the KC 46 tanker program whose success is based on 767 jetliner and supporting results from their defense, space and security segment, and their financially sound and friendly shareholding which has maintained a good balance sheet and ranked at A++. WeaknessesTheir high expenditure on research and development. Boeing tries to keep their expenditure in check but it has remained high on RD which squeezes margins and thus penalizes the bottom line. While such pressures may e ase over the next few months, they envisage high expenditure as they endeavor to leverage the 737 and 777 platforms.Their pension load is a hefty USD$75 billion which is more than fair value of assets and it forces them to continue dipping into their earnings to cover costs for retiring workers and this drains their profits.The company execution is spotty at times especially regarding the 787 program which began with rough start.Opportunities After the financial crisis, Boeing has been in recovery mode over the last few years and they are buoyed by demand, stable prices of fuels as well as improved macroeconomic backdrop. They are also considering new planes rather than deferring bulk of their deliveries. The 787 Dreamliner has been plagued by delays and execution problems in the United States and other countries ye... Boeing Business Activity Coursework - 1100 Words Boeing Business Activity (Coursework Sample) Content: BOEING COMPANYS BUSINESS ACTIVITYStudents NameCourse NameDate Due Competitive AnalysisThe Boeing Company is a household name among the aerospace companies in the world. Besides the commercial aircrafts like 787 Dreamliner, they manufacture military aircrafts which include the Chinook, Apache and the Osprey as well as satellites, launch systems and missile defense systems (Hoovers.com, 2015). These products have built them portfolio services and brought to them corporate customers like the United States department of defense and NASA and they as well provide financing and leasing services to commercial and military customers. Aircraft Industry Globalization The airline industry is rapidly becoming global because of few players but high competition and big capital requirements are driving the need to maximize volume to tap all possible markets (Classes.soe.ucse.edu, 2015). It is therefore not imaginable to have regional or national strategies and succeed in the industry . Many customers among which governments consider this industry strategic and as a consequence there are several joint ventures to the fact that deals, and mergers have becomes almost a requirement to remove barriers to trading. Boeing Competitors Today the commercial jet aircraft markets is very competitive and the airline industry is also extremely competitive and so Boeing is faced with very aggressive international competitors who have intention of increasing on their market shares and such companies include Airbus, Embraer and the Bombardier (Bga aeroweb.com, 2015). Other competitors for Boeing include some new entrants like Irkut (United Aircraft Corporation) from Russia, COMAC from China and Honda Aircraft and Mitsubishi aircrafts from Japan. Boeing is therefore focused on improvement of their processes as well cutting costs of running their business. SWOT Analysis Boeing is the worlds leader in aerospace outfits and is leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners as well as military aircrafts with more than 174,000 employees and they have annual revenues close to USD$ 85 billion. StrengthsAmong the strengths of the company is their Robust Commercial Order Book which has led to their brisk demand for new airplanes like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner which has seen aircrafts being upgraded more often than before. This is expected to trend into the future due to competition, low interest rates and the heightened emphasis on light fuel efficient aircraft designs. Other strengths include the KC 46 tanker program whose success is based on 767 jetliner and supporting results from their defense, space and security segment, and their financially sound and friendly shareholding which has maintained a good balance sheet and ranked at A++. WeaknessesTheir high expenditure on research and development. Boeing tries to keep their expenditure in check but it has remained high on RD which squeezes margins and thus penalizes the bottom line. While such pressures may e ase over the next few months, they envisage high expenditure as they endeavor to leverage the 737 and 777 platforms.Their pension load is a hefty USD$75 billion which is more than fair value of assets and it forces them to continue dipping into their earnings to cover costs for retiring workers and this drains their profits.The company execution is spotty at times especially regarding the 787 program which began with rough start.Opportunities After the financial crisis, Boeing has been in recovery mode over the last few years and they are buoyed by demand, stable prices of fuels as well as improved macroeconomic backdrop. They are also considering new planes rather than deferring bulk of their deliveries. The 787 Dreamliner has been plagued by delays and execution problems in the United States and other countries ye...

India is second largest producer of cement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1818 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? After china, India is the second largest producer of cement with approx capacity of 151 million tonnes every year to be a gigantic industry. As govt. of India promotes better infrastructure in every sector, the cement industry is growing at a very faster pace and is analysed a big booming industry in future, it is predicted that cement production will rise to 236 MT in FY11. 70% of the total cement production in India is produced by around 20 big players e.g.- Acc, ultratech, Birla, jaypee, india cements, Gujarat Abuja, century cements, madras cements, Grasim . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "India is second largest producer of cement" essay for you Create order In the early 1889 a small Kolkata based company started manufacturing in India. After the first World War the importance and thrust of this industry was known and started to grow in terms of installation, capacity, production and manufacturing units. This stage was referred to as the Nascent Stage of Indian Cement Industry. In 1927, Concrete Association of India was set up to create public awareness on the utility of cement as well as to propagate cement consumption. In 1956 price and distribution control system was established for the industry to make fair prices for the customers and manufacturers. A couple of years later, government introduced a three-tier pricing system with different pricing on cement produced in different cost plants. BACKGROUND AND S.W.O.T ANALYSIS OF J.K CEMENT Æ’ÂÂ  J.K cement is a part of J.K ltd which was founded by Lala Kamlapat Singhania. Æ’ÂÂ  First commercial cement production in 1975 at nimbahera (Rajasthan) with production capacity of 0.3 million tonnes Æ’ÂÂ  Commissioned a second grey cement plant at our Mangrol plant in 2001, with a production capacity of 0.75ÂÂ   Æ’ÂÂ  White cement plant was completed in 1984 with a capacity of 50,000 tons. Æ’ÂÂ  One of the largest producers of cement in northern india STRENGHTS Æ’ÂÂ  Holds export market in Nigeria, Bangladesh, Singapore, Tanzania, Sri lanka, south Africa, Nepal and UAE. Æ’ÂÂ  Producer of high quality white and grey cement. Æ’ÂÂ  Backed by state of the art technology and highly skilled labour or manpower. Æ’ÂÂ  Strong brand name and quality of products Æ’ÂÂ  Follows extensive marketing with excellent distribution network. Æ’ÂÂ  Holds a good knowledge in the cement industry, with advanced working models developed buy technical experts Æ’ÂÂ  Experienced and stable management structure with a focus on corporate social responsibility. Weakness Æ’ÂÂ  Unable to match the production capacity of the other big competitors in the industry. Æ’ÂÂ  Need of more capital requirement for more projects and plan expansion. Æ’ÂÂ   Less mergers and acquisitions than other companies to build a healthier network. Opportunities Æ’ÂÂ  Strong and rapid growth of economy focusing on to build infrastructure would give a rise in the revenues to the companies Æ’ÂÂ  New upcoming plans and strategies by private and public sector will increase the demand of cement in future as predicted by the experts. Æ’ÂÂ  Advanced technologies adapted by the company would play vital role in reducing the cost of production and time consumption. Æ’ÂÂ  Government liberalisation and relaxation in the duties will make the company more profitable. Threats Æ’ÂÂ  Easy entry by new companies offering lower prices. Æ’ÂÂ  Inflation in the country gives price rise to the production which can give fall in the demand. BACKGROUND AND S.W.O.T OF ULTRA TECH CEMENT Ultra tech cement is a part of Aditya Birla group which was incorporated on 24 august 2000 as LT cements which demerged and vested in the year 2004 later management tools were operated by Grasim, together with this new company it later on become the largest cement producer in india. Æ’ÂÂ  In 2004 14 Oct the company name was changed to ultra tech cements Æ’ÂÂ  In May 2006 Narmada cement amalgamated with ultra tech cements. Æ’ÂÂ  Cement business of Grasim demerged and vested in Samruddhi Cement Limited in May 2010 Æ’ÂÂ  Samruddhi Cement Limited amalgamated with UltraTech Cement Limited in July 2010. ÂÂ   UltraTechs subsidiaries are Dakshin Cements Limited, Harish Cements Limited, UltraTech Ceylinco (P) Limited and UltraTech Cement Middle East Investments Limited. (Source https://www.ultratechcement.com/about_us/index.htm) STRENGHTS Æ’ÂÂ  Ultra tech cements is one of the largest exporters of cement in Africa, Europe and Middle East which are considered as strong market economy. Æ’ÂÂ  UltraTech Cement Limited has an annual capacity of 48.8 million tonnes. It manufactures and markets Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Portland Pozzalana Cement. It also manufactures ready mix concrete (RMC).ÂÂ   Æ’ÂÂ  The company has 11 integrated plants, one white cement plant, 12 grinding units and five terminals four in India and one inÂÂ  Sri Lanka. Æ’ÂÂ  Ultra techs have a strong brand image and excellent advertising campaign team (Source https://www.ultratechcement.com/about_us/index.htm) WEAKNESS Æ’ÂÂ  Ultra tech cements faces a drought of high skilled manpower. Æ’ÂÂ   Weak supply of cement in the market, main reason improper management. Æ’ÂÂ  Dominated by government policies. OPPORTUNITIES Æ’ÂÂ  Maintain its present market share nationally and internationally and increase in future. Æ’ÂÂ   It can collaborate with government of different countries for undertaking future govt. projects and increase its sales. Æ’ÂÂ  Can come up with economical cement for targeting the rural market. THREATS Æ’ÂÂ  Other big players in the industry like ACC, AMBUJA, and LAFARGE can absorb the market share of ultra tech cement in future if the company fails to adapt its external variables to grab the new emerging opportunities. VERTICAL ANALYSIS OF ULTRATECH CEMENT Balance Sheet of UltraTech Cement in cr Mar 09 ÂÂ   Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Sources Of Funds ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Share Capital 124.49 2.17 124.49 2.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Equity Share Capital 124.49 2.17 124.49 2.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Share Application Money 1.68 0.03 1.99 0.03 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Preference Share Capital 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Reserves 3,475.93 60.52 4,482.17 72.14 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Revaluation Reserves 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Networth 3,602.10 62.71 4,608.65 74.18 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Secured Loans 1,175.80 20.47 854.19 13.75 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   UnsecuredÂÂ  Loans 965.83 16.82 750.33 12.08 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Debt 2,141.63 37.29 1,604.52 25.82 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Liabilities 5,743.73 100.00 6,213.17 100.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 ÂÂ   Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Application Of Funds ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Gross Block 7,401.02 ÂÂ   8,078.14 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Less: Accum. Depreciation 2,765.33 ÂÂ   3,136.46 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Block 4,635.69 ÂÂ   4,941.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Capital Work in Progress 677.28 ÂÂ   259.37 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investments 1,034.80 52.20 1,669.55 77.52 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Inventories 691.97 34.91 821.7 38.15 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Sundry Debtors 186.18 9.39 215.83 10.02 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash and Bank Balance 104.49 5.27 83.73 3.89 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Current Assets 982.64 49.57 1,121.26 52.06 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Loans and Advances 395.71 19.96 374.92 17.41 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Fixed Deposits 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total CA, Loans Advances 1,378.35 69.53 1,496.18 69.47 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Deffered Credit 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Current Liabilities 1,860.59 93.86 1,992.60 92.52 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Provisions 121.8 6.14 161.01 7.48 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total CL Provisions 1,982.39 100.00 2,153.61 100.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Current Assets -604.04 ÂÂ   -657.43 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Miscellaneous Expenses 0 ÂÂ   0 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Assets 5,743.73 ÂÂ   6,213.17 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Contingent Liabilities 355.07 ÂÂ   420.26 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Book ValueÂÂ  (Rs) 289.22 ÂÂ   370.05 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Horizontal analysis of ultratech cement Key Financial Ratios of UltraTech Cement ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 Mar 10 % change ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investment Valuation Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Face Value 10 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Per Share 5 6 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Operating Profit Per Share (Rs) 140.03 158.86 13.45 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Operating Profit Per Share (Rs) 512.95 565.75 10.29 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Free Reserves Per Share (Rs) 267.12 350.75 31.31 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Bonus in Equity Capital ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profitability Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Operating Profit Margin(%) 27.29 28.08 2.89 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profit Before Interest And Tax Margin(%) 21.9 22.24 1.55 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Gross Profit Margin(%) 22.24 22.56 1.44 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash Profit Margin(%) 20.41 20.43 0.10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Cash Margin(%) 20.41 20.43 0.10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Profit Margin(%) 15.06 15.3 1.59 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Net Profit Margin(%) 15.06 15.3 1.59 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return On Capital Employed(%) 26.45 27.22 2.91 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return On Net Worth(%) 27.13 23.73 -12.53 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%) 27.8 23.27 -16.29 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations 289.22 370.05 27.95 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Assets Including Revaluations 289.22 370.05 27.95 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Long Term Funds(%) 27.93 27.43 -1.79 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Liquidity And Solvency Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Current Ratio 0.59 0.67 13.56 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Quick Ratio 0.34 0.3 -11.76 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debt Equity Ratio 0.59 0.35 -40.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Long Term Debt Equity Ratio 0.51 0.34 -33.33 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debt Coverage Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Interest Cover 12.75 14.97 17.41 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Debt to Owners Fund 0.59 0.35 -40.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Financial Charges Coverage Ratio 13.74 16.75 21.91 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Financial Charges Coverage Ratio Post Tax 10.7 12.94 20.93 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Management Efficiency Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Inventory Turnover Ratio 22.89 22.65 -1.05 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debtors Turnover Ratio 31.71 35.04 10.50 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investments Turnover Ratio 22.89 22.65 -1.05 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio 0.86 0.87 1.16 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Assets Turnover Ratio 1.11 1.14 2.70 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Asset Turnover Ratio 0.86 0.87 1.16 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Average Raw Material Holding 28.87 29.94 3.71 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Average Finished Goods Held 6.35 7.29 14.80 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Number of Days In Working Capital -34.05 -33.61 -1.29 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profit Loss Account Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Material Cost Composition 20.05 22.61 12.77 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Imported Composition of Raw Materials Consumed 0.72 3.01 318.06 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Selling Distribution Cost Composition 19.67 20.98 6.66 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Expenses as Composition of Total Sales 9.7 6.83 -29.59 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash Flow Indicator Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Payout Ratio Net Profit 7.45 7.96 6.85 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Payout Ratio Cash Profit 5.6 5.87 4.82 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   EarningÂÂ  RetentionÂÂ  Ratio 92.73 91.88 -0.92 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash EarningÂÂ  RetentionÂÂ  Ratio 94.5 94.04 -0.49 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Cash Flow Times 1.62 1.1 -32.10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Earnings Per Share 78.48 87.82 11.90 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Book Value 289.22 370.05 27.95 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Vertical analysis of J.K cement BALANCE SHEET OF JK CEMENT in cr Mar 09 ÂÂ   Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Sources Of Funds ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Share Capital 69.93 3.99 69.93 2.88 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Equity Share Capital 69.93 3.99 69.93 2.88 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Share Application Money 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Preference Share Capital 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Reserves 838.27 47.89 1,018.58 41.96 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Revaluation Reserves 277.85 15.87 265.24 10.93 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Networth 1,186.05 67.76 1,353.75 55.77 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Secured Loans 436.86 24.96 937.61 38.62 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Unsecured Loans 127.54 7.29 136.11 5.61 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Debt 564.4 32.24 1,073.72 44.23 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Liabilities 1,750.45 100.00 2,427.47 100.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 ÂÂ   Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   12 mths ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Application Of Funds ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Gross Block 1,215.75 ÂÂ   2,052.21 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Less: Accum. Depreciation 0 ÂÂ   0 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Block 1,215.75 ÂÂ   2,052.21 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Capital Work in Progress 35.06 ÂÂ   225.28 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investments 10.74 0.61 5.99 0.25 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Inventories 136.13 7.78 237.62 9.79 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Sundry Debtors 53.04 3.03 81.87 3.37 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash and Bank Balance 125.2 7.15 131.67 5.42 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Current Assets 314.37 17.96 451.16 18.59 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Loans and Advances 598.53 34.19 233.62 9.62 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Fixed Deposits 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total CA, Loans Advances 912.9 52.15 684.78 28.21 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Differed Credit 0 0.00 0 0.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Current Liabilities 382.69 21.86 514.95 21.21 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Provisions 43.74 2.50 28.54 1.18 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total CL Provisions 426.43 24.36 543.49 22.39 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Current Assets 486.47 27.79 141.29 5.82 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Miscellaneous Expenses 2.44 0.14 2.69 0.11 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Assets 1,750.46 100.00 2,427.46 100.00 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Contingent Liabilities 581.86 ÂÂ   106.5 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Book Value (Rs) 129.88 ÂÂ   155.66 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Horizontal analysis of J.K cement Key Financial Ratios of JK Cement ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investment Valuation Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Face Value 10 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Per Share 3.5 6 71.43 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Operating Profit Per Share (Rs) 46.33 62.8 35.55 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Operating Profit Per Share (Rs) 214.06 261.24 22.04 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Free Reserves Per Share (Rs) 109.98 134.13 21.96 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Bonus in Equity Capital ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profitability Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Operating Profit Margin(%) 21.64 24.03 11.04 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profit Before Interest And Tax Margin(%) 17.93 19.07 6.36 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Gross Profit Margin(%) 18.14 19.35 6.67 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash Profit Margin(%) 12.86 16.8 30.64 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Cash Margin(%) 12.86 16.8 30.64 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Net Profit Margin(%) 9.4 12.19 29.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Net Profit Margin(%) 9.4 12.19 29.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return On Capital Employed(%) 19.6 17.6 -10.20 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return On Net Worth(%) 15.71 20.81 32.46 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%) 15.71 20.81 32.46 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations 129.53 155.28 19.88 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Assets Including Revaluations 169.26 193.21 14.15 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Return on Long Term Funds(%) 19.6 17.6 -10.20 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Liquidity And Solvency Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Current Ratio 2.14 1.26 -41.12 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Quick Ratio 1.78 0.82 -53.93 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debt Equity Ratio 0.62 0.99 59.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Long Term Debt Equity Ratio 0.62 0.99 59.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debt Coverage Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Interest Cover 5.28 5.48 3.79 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Debt to Owners Fund 0.62 0.99 59.68 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Financial Charges Coverage Ratio 6.24 6.72 7.69 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Financial Charges Coverage Ratio Post Tax 4.56 5.49 20.39 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Management Efficiency Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Inventory Turnover Ratio 11 7.69 -30.09 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Debtors Turnover Ratio 27.14 27.08 -0.22 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Investments Turnover Ratio 11 7.69 -30.09 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio 1.23 0.89 -27.64 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Total Assets Turnover Ratio 1.02 0.84 -17.65 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Asset Turnover Ratio 1.23 0.89 -27.64 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Average Raw Material Holding ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Average Finished Goods Held ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Number of Days In Working Capital 117 27.85 -76.20 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Profit Loss Account Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Material Cost Composition 10.91 10.92 0.09 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Imported Composition of Raw Materials Consumed ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Selling Distribution Cost Composition 24.28 25.21 3.83 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Expenses as Composition of Total Sales ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash Flow Indicator Ratios ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Payout Ratio Net Profit 20.11 21.67 7.76 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dividend Payout Ratio Cash Profit 14.7 15.72 6.94 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   EarningÂÂ  RetentionÂÂ  Ratio 79.89 78.33 -1.95 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Cash EarningÂÂ  RetentionÂÂ  Ratio 85.3 84.28 -1.20 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Adjusted Cash Flow Times 2.9 3.45 18.97 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Mar 09 Mar 10 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Earnings Per Share 20.36 32.32 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Book Value 129.88 155.66 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   BENCHMARK ANALYSIS 2009 2010 current ratio of J k Cement 2.14 1.26 current ratio of utratech 0.59 0.67 quick ratio of JK cement 1.78 0.82 quick ratio of ultra tech cement 0.34 0.3 debt equity ratio of JK cement 0.62 0.99 debt equity ratio of ultra tech cement 0.59 0.35 long term debt equity ratio of JK cement 0.62 0.99 long term debt equity ratio of ultra tech cement 0.51 profitability ratios of JK cement Operating Profit Margin(%) 21.64 24.03 Profit Before Interest And Tax Margin(%) 17.93 19.07 Gross Profit Margin(%) 18.14 19.35 Cash Profit Margin(%) 12.86 16.8 Adjusted Cash Margin(%) 12.86 12.86 Net Profit Margin(%) 9.4 12.19 Adjusted Net Profit Margin(%) 9.4 12.19 Return On Capital Employed(%) 19.6 17.6 Return On Net Worth(%) 15.71 20.81 Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%) 15.71 20.81 Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations 129.53 155.28 Return on Assets Including Revaluations 169.26 193.21 Return on Long Term Funds(%) 19.6 17.6 profitability ratios of ultra tech cement Operating Profit Margin(%) 27.29 28.08 Profit Before Interest And Tax Margin(%) 21.9 22.24 Gross Profit Margin(%) 22.24 22.56 Cash Profit Margin(%) 20.41 20.43 Adjusted Cash Margin(%) 20.41 20.43 Net Profit Margin(%) 15.06 15.3 Adjusted Net Profit Margin(%) 15.06 15.3 Return On Capital Employed(%) 26.45 27.22 Return On Net Worth(%) 27.13 23.73 Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%) 27.8 23.27 Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations 289.22 370.05 Return on Assets Including Revaluations 289.22 370.05 Return on Long Term Funds(%) 27.93 27.43 Inventory turnover ratio of JK cement 11 7.69 Inventory turnover ratio of ultra tech cement 22.89 22.65 debtors turnover ratio of JK cement 27.14 27.08 debtors turnover ratio of ultra tech cement 31.71 35.04 investment turnover ratio of JK cement 11 7.69 investment turnover ratio of ultra tech cement 22.89 22.65 fixed assets turnover ratio of JK cement 1.23 0.89 fixed assets turnover ratio of ultra tech tech cement 0.86 0.87 total assets turn over ratios of JK cement 1.02 0.84 total assets turn over ratios of ultra tech cement 1.11 1.14 assets turnover ratio of JK cement 1.23 0.89 assets turnover ratios of ultra tech cement 0.86 0.87 ANALYSIS

Analysis Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre - 1245 Words

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Through the reign of Queen Victoria there were many aspects of society that took a standstill and some may say, declined. Education is a tremendous example of the stand still in the British society, showing the negative approaches to teaching. Preston Barker wrote about the conditions of victorian schools explaining, â€Å"Children soon learnt to do what the teacher asked, otherwiseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Second Child And Maria Branswell S Fifth Child2059 Words   |  9 Pagesbirth, the Bronte-Branswell family moved to another part of Yorkshire known as Haworth so her father had been given the opportunity of being perpetual curate to the S., Michael and All Angels Church. However while in Haworth, a deep tragedy stroke the family on September 15, 1821 when their loving mother had died of cancer. The family wasn’t fully abandoned for the sister of Maria, Elizabeth Branwell, had greatly helped Patrick on raising his five d aughters, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Emily, andRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Emily, Wuthering Heights, And Jane Eyre924 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis The novels Emma, Wuthering Heights, and Jane Eyre were written by women in the 1800’s. The three writers chose to write and publish their novels under a different name from their own. Emma was written by Jane Austen, and published anonymously in 1815 (Behrens and Rosen 361). Emily Brontà « wrote Wuthering Heights, and was published in 1847 under the name Ellis Bell (Behrens and Rosen 368). The author of Jane Eyre, who was also the sister of Emily Brontà «, was Charlotte Brontà «. This novelRead MoreThe Upbringing Of Orphans By Charles Dickens And Jane Eyre1714 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the injustices of the conditions of the orphans. The novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens 1838 and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 depicted much of the 19th century working class and illustrated the treatment of orphans with different socio-economic perspectives. The role of the two orphans in the novels (Oliver and Jane) leads the reader through a maze of experiences, encountering li fe s threats and grasping its opportunities. The novels show an insight of the two characters with a commonRead MoreJane Eyre : A Fight For Women s Equality1749 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre: A Fight for Women’s Equality Feminism: the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men (dictionary.com). Throughout history, women have fought for and struggled with gaining full and absolute equality in society--which has proven to be difficult in the long-cultivated patriarchal society that we still live in today. In modern times, women continue to be paid less than men, are vastly underrepresented, and face many forms of violence aroundRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre1423 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre Jay Sheldon Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writings for the past two centuries. With novels such as Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, or even William Shakespeares Macbeth the fascination over this subject by authors is evident. In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism oftenRead More Movie - Feminist Themes in Jane Eyre, Novel and Film Versions2260 Words   |  10 PagesAn Analysis of Feminist Themes in Jane Eyre and its Film Versions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Concern for womens rights dates from the Enlightenment, when the liberal, egalitarian, and reformist ideals of that period began to be extended from the bourgeoisie, peasants, and urban laborers to women as well. As did most interest groups of the time, feminists gained force and stability through its writing. The periods blossoming ideas concerning womens rights were fully set forth in Judith Murray’s On the

How To Use the Spanish Preposition Hacia

Hacia is a Spanish preposition typically meaning toward. It is usually used to indicate motion toward a person or object, although it can also be used to indicate a favorable attitude toward a person or object. Hacia is pronounced something like OSS-yah. It should not be confused with hacà ­a, a conjugated form of the verb hacer. Using Hacia To Indicate Motion Toward Here are examples of using hacia when referring to motion toward a person or thing. Although toward is the most common translation, other prepositions sometimes work as well. Los jovenes andaron hacia la direccià ³n del lago. (The youths walked in the direction of the lake.)Corrià ³ hacia el coche para tratar de sacar a su amigo, vivo y conciente. (He ran at the car in order to try to remove his friend, who was alive and conscious.)Girar hacia la izquierda y seguir hacia el oeste cinco millas. (Turn toward the left and keep on going toward the west for five miles.)Mi hermana empezà ³ a gatear hacia nuestro padre. (My sister began to crawl toward our father.) Hacia can be used with abajo, adelante, arriba, and atrà ¡s, respectively, to mean downward, forward, upward, and backward. Similarly, it can be used with points of the compass and other words to act as the equivalent of the English suffix -ward. Mover el cursor hacia adelante al final de la là ­nea. (Move the cursor forward to the end of the line.)La anaforia es la tendencia de los ojos a moverse hacia arriba cuando està ¡n en reposo. (Anaphoria is the tendency for the eyes to move upward when they are at rest.)Los vientos mà ¡s fuertes del planeta avanzan hacia el este a una velocidad de 1.600 kilà ³metros por hora. (The planets strongest winds blow eastward at a speed of 1,600 kilometers per hour.) ¿Quà © pasarà ­a si un satà ©lite se dirigiera a toda velocidad hacia la Tierra? (What would happen if a satellite were directed earthward at full speed?) The motion can be figurative as well as literal: Viajamos hacia la libertad econà ³mica. (We are journeying toward economic liberty.)El mundo camina dormido hacia un desastre climà ¡tico. (The world is sleepwalking its way toward a climate disaster.)Con un ritmo enà ©rgico, â€Å"Un paso hacia la paz† es una cancià ³n llena de optimismo y esperanza. (With an energetic rhythm, â€Å"A Step Toward Peace† is a song full of optimism and hope.) Using Hacia for Direction Without Motion Use of hacia doesnt always indicate motion. It is used often with mirar and other verbs to indicate the direction someone is looking, either literally or figuratively. And it can also be used to indicate the existence of someone or something in a certain direction. Natalia mirà ³ hacia Mateo con un gesto de frustracià ³n. (Natalia looked toward Mateo with a look of frustration on her face.)La organizacià ³n mira hacia el futuro tras un aà ±o de cambio. (The organization is looking toward the future after a year of change.)Desde Atenas y hacia el norte hay trenes regulares diarios a muchas ciudades. (From Athens and toward the north there are regular daily trains to many cities.)En el camino hacia la escuela hay ruido y mucho trà ¡nsito. (On the road toward the school there is much noise and traffic.) Using Hacia for Expressing Attitudes Hacia can be used in expressing emotions or attitudes toward a person or thing: Tiene sentimientos mà ¡s profundos hacia ella, (He has very deep feelings for her.)El sondeo revelà ³ una disminucià ³n de la simpatà ­a popular hacia el corte. (The poll showed a loss of popular sympathy for the court.)Mà ¡s pruebas apuntan hacia los rebeldes. (More evidence is pointing to the rebels.)Es importante desarrollar actitudes positivas hacia la diversidad. (It is important to develop positive attitudes about diversity.) Using Hacia in Time Expressions Finally, hacia is sometimes used to express approximations of time: Llega en helicà ³ptero hacia las cinco de la maà ±ana para traer provisiones. (He arrives by helicopter at about 5 a.m. to bring provisions.)Fue construido hacia 1970. (It was built around 1970.)El tren llega hacia las 10 de la maà ±ana a Cajicà ¡. (The train arrives around 10 a.m. at Cajicà ¡.) Key Takeaways The Spanish preposition hacia is usually the equivalent of toward when it is used to indicate a direction of motion or attention.Hacia can also be used as the equivalent of the suffix -ward when used to indicate direction.Hacia is also used in referring to attitudes toward or about something.

The Goal Of Sports And Sports Collapses - 1856 Words

Introduction: The goal in sports is to win. In every game there is a winner. But sometimes, that winner is unexpected. A team who is winning by a lot of points or wins in a series should win the game. But that doesn’t alway happen. Every team somehow collapses or ‘chokes’ at one time or another. All fans have to deal with the heartbreak of their team losing. Here are the worst blown leads and sports collapses according to us. Yankees vs Red Sox 2004 Yankees had a 3-0 lead in the 2004 American League Championship Series against the Red Sox. The Yankees were looking like they would defeat their rival on their biggest stage. The Red Sox at that point hadn’t won a championship for 86 years. It looked like the Curse of the Bambino would have†¦show more content†¦But then, the Warriors won a close game four with the score 108 to 99. The Cavaliers were down 3-1. The odds very slim nobody believed in the Cavs. Entering Game 5 with their heads held low, they beat the Warriors. That gave them a spark that they needed. In game six the same thing happened they beat them again and people were left with their jaws dropped. Entering game seven at Oracle Arena, the Warriors stadium, with tickets selling at $2,800 a seat, Stephen Curry faced off with Lebron James. When the 1st quarter ended, the Cavaliers lead by one point. At halftime, the Warriors had stolen the lead by seven. The third quarter combined for 60 points, 33 by th e Cavaliers and 27 by the Warriors. The 4th quarter was one of the most thrilling quarters of basketball ever. Lebron James had a huge block on Andre Iguodala to save two points and Kyrie Irving the starting point guard drained a three in Curry’s face to call game. The Cavaliers had completed the comeback with a 93-89 win over the Golden State Warriors. This sent a shockwave through the country, with a lot of trash talk and memes. This will go down as the most speculated loss in the NBA playoffs. Falcons vs Patriots 2017 The Super Bowl is the most watched television program on the Earth, the two teams playing in the game were the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons. The leader of the Patriots is their starting quarterbackShow MoreRelatedCreating A Competitive Advantage For Business Owners1072 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the essentials of innovation. This will help in innovating and staying ahead and different from rest of the companies in the business. Considering the nature of the business that John Bull wants to initiate, innovation will be challenging. A sports retailer will find it hard to bring innovation in his business and do something that other retailers are not doing. However, if John Bull succeeds in innovating, his business will be a huge success. 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Relentless Progress The Reconfiguration Of Children s...

Jack Zipes in his book Relentless Progress : The Reconfiguration of Children s Literature, Fairy Tales, and Storytelling puts forward a valid perspective that the act of a child reading any form of children’s literature is set up to promote â€Å"adult aims and the power of the market† (4). Although this perspective is important to remember when considering how the formation of childhood identity is guided and influenced by children’s literature, it is important to remember that the literature itself is not to blame. Adults, parents, teachers, guardians or other people of influence in a child’s life have the power to provide children with literature that contains many alternative encompassing views of the world to help shape the childs†¦show more content†¦I believe children and young people are positioned somewhere between the constructed child or tabula rasa and the constructive child, one who is shaping their identity â€Å"out of what is cult urally available† (Stainton Roges as cited by Rudd 17). They have the ability to see the world with an open mind, one free of biases until an event, idea or person influences them in some way. With that in mind adults have the power to provide children with literature and stories to position them to read the world in many different and inclusive ways adhering to Zipes’ idea that in this case literature is set up to â€Å"promote adult aims† (4). Although Zipes goes on to state that children’s literature also exists to promote â€Å"the power of the market† (4) in many cases I hope this is not completely true. In a world that is more and more commercially driven, with the sheer volume of children’s literature in existance one would hope that some of the authors are trying to promote positivity to support children and not purely or exclusively trying to make money. One form of identity that is becoming more associated with a ‘normal’ childhood experience is the child from a non-heteronormative family unit. Although Wayne Martino and Wendy Cumming-Potvin’s article is framed around literacy instruction in schools and pedagogical practice, their message can be applied in a broader context to any adult providing text or stories to children.

Poe And Burial Motifs Essay Example For Students

Poe And Burial Motifs Essay Poe is a very complicated author. His literary works are perplexed, disturbing,and even grotesque. His frequent illnesses may have provoked his engrossment insuch things. In 1842 Dr. John W. Francis diagnosed Poe with sympathetic hearttrouble as well as brain congestion. He also noted Poes inability to withstandstimulants such as drugs and alcohol (Phillips 1508). These factors may havemotivated him to write The Tell-Tale-Heart, The Cask of Amontillado, and TheBlack Cat. All of these stories are written in or around 1843, shortly after Poebecame afflicted. His writing helped him to cope with his troubles and explorenew territory in literature. Poes interest in the supernatural, retribution,and perverse cause them to be included in his burial motifs; thereforesustaining his interest. There is a common thread laced through each subject,but there is variation in degrees of the impact. The supernatural is thephenomena of the unexplained. With this comes an aura of mystery and arousal off ear. Death in itself is the supreme mystery. No living human being can becertain of what happens to the soul when one dies. It is because of thisuncertainty that death is feared by many. These types of perplexing questionscause a reader to come to a point of indifference within one of Poes burialmotifs. One is uncertain of how the events can unfold, because a greater forcedictates them. Reincarnation in The Black Cat is a supernatural force at work. There is some sort of orthodox witchcraft-taking place. The whole story revolvesaround the cat, Pluto, coming back to avenge its death. One can not be sure howPlutos rebirth takes place, but it is certain that something of a greater forcehas taken hold. The cats appearance is altered when the narrator comes acrossit the second time. There is a white spot on the chest by slow degrees,degrees nearly imperceptibleit had, at length, assumed a rigorous distinctoutlineof the GALLOWS (Poe 4). Foretelling the narrators fate aconfinement tool appears on the cats chest. This also foreshadows the catsconfinement in the tomb. It reappears like a disease to take vengeance on a manthat has committed horrid crimes. I was answered by a voice within thetomb! By a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, andquickly swelling into one long, loud and continuous scream, utterly anomalousand inhumana howla wailing shriek, half of honor and half of triumph (Poe6). Pluto is like Poes re occurring illness it keeps coming back just when hethinks it is gone. This can be related to the ever-looming question of whypeople become afflicted with disease. Is it punishment for wrongdoing? Somereligions find this to be the answer. Poes intrigue in reincarnation may havebeen in that of his own immortality. Metaphysical events take place in TheTell-Tale-Heart. The perpetrator is driven by some unknown source to reveal hisevil deed. The paranoia he feels is very real to him. I fancied a ringingin my ears became more distinctI found that the noise was not withinmy earsIt is the beating of the hideous heart (Poe 3). Ringing is heard only in the mans head, but because a impetus has compelled himto believe otherwise he is inclined to reveal his misdeed. The source of themans voices is from a force within himself. Ones soul is anunexplainable power, which governs over the body. The murder of the old man iscommitted in passion. Disregarding any rational thoughts the narrator is engagedin his own desires. His unconcern for mankind causes his own insanity. Even hecan not live with his actions. The mind as a supernatural force, that dictateslife, can only cope with so much. Poe himself experiences hallucinations fromhis illness, and abuse of alcohol. Years of defilement caused his body, and mindto break down. At one point in time Poe raved for protection from animaginary army of conspirators disguised as loungers' (Mankowitz 232). Constant weight on ones mind can lead to insanity. Human beings can lose controlof their lives. The Tell-Tale-Heart illustrates the human spirit as a mysteriousand unexplainable force. Poes life was full of turmoil, which inevitably causedhis madness. The enveloping force of evil drives Montressor to commit murder inThe Cask of Amontillado. If supernatural is used in its broadest sense to meanunexplained then the force that impels Montressors lack of humanityis indeed supernatural. Evil, as a uninhibited force propels the callous, vileact. When evil is introduced as a possible catalyst one can, at least in somesense, comprehend what drives Montressors act of revenge. With out this forcerevenge is less likely to be taken to the extremes in this story. Fortunato, theunsuspecting victim, is blindly led to his death via a premeditated plan. Montressor guides him on the journey, patronizing him all the way. The torturethat is put upon him is horrendous. He is entombed alive, and left to die. Themind can be a torturous device when all hope is stripped away. Fortunado mustwait for death, all the while reliving his regrets. Montressor states abrief moment I hesitateI trembledBut the thought of an instant reassuredme. I placed my hand upon the solid fabric of the catacombs, and feltsatisfied (Poe 8). For an instant his humanity is unveiled, but quicklycovered again. He has no problem leaving his victim in the catacombs to die. Poedoes an excellent job creating a character of evil. Many of his literary worksdeal with the origin of evil. Montressors need for revenge causes him to givehimself to the dark side. Perversity is a theme that exists within the threestories at hand. When one takes pleasure in something that is knowingly wrong itis perverse. It exhibits a blatant lack of humanity. Delectation in thegrotesque is also si nful. Committing or witnessing acts of mutilation or murderis depraved. Someone has to be out of balance to seriously consider suchignominious acts. Poe uses perversity to shock, and disgust the reader. Readingabout such atrocities brings the reader to a different level of cognition. Onesees into the mind of a character that is distorted, and gets a direct show ofwhat is motivating him or her. The main character in The Black Cat kills hiswife without any compunction. After he buried the axe in herbrain, his only apprehension is of how to conceal the crime (Poe 3). Hestates many projects entered my mind, attesting to his search forthe perfect burial place. The man commits a bloody, brutal murder of a lovedone, but is only concerned with himself. Delight is actually taken in the death,because he is able to get a good night sleep. The guilt of my dark deeddisturbed me but little; he has no regrets and nothing to fret about. reconstruction EssayDeliberately sinning allows the man to feel power. He is in control of hisactions. I hung it because I knew that it had loved me, and because Iknew that in so doing I was committing a sin (Poe 2). Challenging asystem of beliefs questions its existence. He is almost daring a higher power topunish him. This will let him know if there is something to believe in. He is alost soul among many that is yearning for something to believe in. Poe is facingdeath, because of all of the pain he has gone through he too questions God. Howcould God let him suffer, and take his life so soon? He can not answer this, buthis stories do scream the question. Retribution against death is a focus in TheTell-Tale-Heart. The old man is symbolic of death. He had the eye of avulturea pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, myblood ran cold (Poe 1). The vulture is a bird that only preys upon the dead. Blood running cold is associated with a corpse; therefore, death. His wordsprove that the eye is expiration looking him in the face. He was stillsitting up in bed listening; just as I have done, night after night,hearkening to death watches on the wall (Poe 1). Killing the old man isretribution for fear of death. He is a constant reminder of the perpetratorsgreatest fear. Wondering when cessation is going to occur can drive a maninsane. His eye would trouble me no more, illustrates that the manhas defeated death (Poe 2). This is ironic because death will always triumph inthe end. The killing may give the man temporary solace from his fear, but it cannot last. Poes illness causes him to constantly deal with the coming of hisend. He too wishes there were something he can do to ward it off. Obviously thisis not possible. The Cask of Amontillado revels in revenge based on upholdingones family motto. Fortunato disrespected Montressor, the thousandinjuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could, but heventured uponinsult (Poe 1). Montressor is an extremely proud man. He takes thecomments to heart, and is disturbed by them. His need for revenge is innate. Theneed is genetic, based on the family motto, which states No one assails mewith impunity. He is compelled to commit murder to honor his family name. Montressor must seek his resolution very mechanically. A wrong isunredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressedwhen the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done thewrong (Poe 1). Fortunado must not know that he is seeking revenge, butwhen the plot is revealed it is imperative that he takes credit for the act. Montressors act of murder is calculated; thus, chillingly horrifying. Theorganization insures that Fortunado is doomed. Poes interest in burial motifsallows him to explore the same themes, but using different premises. Poes freeand out of the ordinary style is very successful in incorporating thesupernatural, perverse, and retribution into his work. He maintains his interestas well as the readers by including subjects that are not prevalent. It isshocking, disturbing, and challenging to read. Some of Poes literature hasobvious relations to his own life, and how he coped with the problems that facedhim. Having problems in ones life can escalate the soul to accomplish greatthings. Poes lifestyle is very much a part of style. BibliographyMankowitz, Wolf. The Extraordinary Mr. Poe and his Times. New York: SummitBooks, 1978. Phillips, Mary E. Edgar Allan Poe-The Man, Volume II. Chicago, IL:The John C. Winston Co, 1912. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. Online. PersonalComputer. Simpatico. Internet. 18 March 1999. Available http://www.gothic.net/poe/works/black_cat.txtPoe, Edgar Allan. The Cask of Amontillado. Online. Personal Computer. Simpatico. Internet. 18 March 1999. Available http://www.literature.org/Works/Edgar-Allan-Poe/amontillado.htmlPoe, Edgar Allan. The Tell-Tale-Heart. Online. Personal Computer. Simpatico. Internet. 18 March 1999. Available http://www.gothic.net/poe/works/tell-tale_heart.txt

Robert W. Cox Commitment Click Now to Get Solution

Question: Evaluate the distinction Robert Cox draws between Problem-Solving and Critical theory'. Use examples from at least two International Relations theories to illustrate your answer. Answer: Robert W. Cox's commitment to International Relations hypothesis puts the control in a transformational structure. Expanding on Gramsci's thoughts and an assortment of different sources variedly, his hypothesis goes past the neorealist state centric structure and draws out the associations between material conditions, thoughts and organizations in what he terms the arrangement of 'world requests'. How individuals sort out themselves in the circle of creation decides their own particular life as well as that of their states and the world request. That change can originate from any of the circles; he denies and goes past the basesuperstructure proposition of Marxism. Cox distinguishes making of a dynamic common society, rise of natural educated people speaking to the underestimated, advancement of group level solidarity, participatory majority rule government, peaceful strategies for struggle determination, pluralism and multilateralism as key components of his transformational motivat ion. This article investigates Cox's primary thoughts identifying with transformational international relations and the systems conceived for change. The idea of preeminent power or extreme force, as moderately steady and, up to this point, uncontroversial foundation of present day legislative issues, is an energetically pondered wonder. Prominently, what we at present experience as the power talk informs much regarding the hypothetical understanding and viable state of governmental issues. It likewise presupposes its shape in the years to come. In this paper, I need to analyze the shapes of the genuine verbal confrontation on sway. To do this I for the most part utilize the philosophical lenses of the main International Relations [IR] theories, the traditional i.e. the pragmatist one and the basic sociological. I will likely survey and look at their hypothetical fundaments; break down their epistemological perspectives over the way of sway organization and its part in international legislative issues; and, offer some temporary deductions as to subjective conceivable outcomes in the investigation of power. Introduction Robert Cox is regarded as the father and founder of critical theory in International Relation. He started working on this field when his publication, Journal of International Studies was published in the year 1981. His ideas and process of thoughts was also seen in several other publications as well. Cox went to the field from the edges of the control, talking in a dialect that was largely looked downward on by the overwhelming positivist convention in IR established in neorealist presumptions. At to start with, Cox's thoughts got less acknowledgment in North America, the immense bastion of IR. Basic hypothesis from that point forward has come to grasp subfields like Security studies, Normatiuve Theory and International Political Economy (IPE). No basic hypothesis of IR can claim to speak to all strands under a solitary name. (Cox, 1989) Cox has utilized a type of examination that tries to join Gramscian instruments with types of historicism. Basic hypothesis draws on the thoughts of Frankfurt theoreticians, poststructuralists, and women's activists. Nevertheless, its standardizing flavor and responsibility to liberation sits uneasily with the thoughts of most post-structuralisms. This article, in any case, is limited to the commitments of Robert Cox to the basic hypothesis of IR. Cox preferred the term 'world order' in comparison to IR. Cox started working on his theorizing during the time when IPE issues were at large due to crisis of oil in the 70s, which were putting an impact on the international relation system. According to Cox, social forces, created by changing process of production, helps in thinking about the possibilities of future. (Cox, 1989) Why World Order and not IR According to Cox, IR always misleads the way when there is a search for the objective of knowledge and working process. In order to make his plan go past interstate relations, he concentrates on world order, of which states constitute stand out part. By taking a gander at IR as far as worldwide order, he goes around the state-centrism of the control. Cox's utilization of 'world order' or 'worldwide governmental issues' or 'worldwide political economy' permits him to connect the household with the worldwide in his plan of connecting profitable powers, thoughts and establishments. Critical Theory and Problem Solving Theory Cox's refinement between problem-solving and critical theory has been supported by analysts over a few sociology disciplines, in spite of the fact that the expression problem solving appears to propose that critical theory is optimistic and does not worry about problems. For Cox, all theories are one-sided. He sees all positivist theories as formed inside the system of problem solving, a balanced undertaking that has extremely solid roots in the liberal custom. Problem-solving theories expect that states are not subject to principal changes, but rather constrained or incremental changes and all moves make place inside a restricted system. Critical theory goes past them to distinguish the inceptions and transformative or formative capability of recorded wonders. It searches out 'the wellsprings of inconsistency and struggle in these elements and assesses their capability to change into various examples'. Not at all like problem-solving theory, which tries to 'smooth the working of the entire', critical theory 'takes into consideration a regulating decision for a social and political order unique in relation to the predominant order. (Moolakkattu, 2009) Critical theory is more intelligent upon the procedure of conjecturing itself and receives an all-encompassing methodology. 'It is coordinated toward an examination of the very structure for activity, or problematic, which problem-solving theory acknowledges as its parameters. Critical theory is coordinated to the social and political intricate in general instead of to the different parts'. Dissimilar to the ahistoricity of problem-solving theory which 'sets a proceeding with present', critical theory is chronicled and manages an evolving reality, which confines the exactness regarding strategy. It is hostile to status-quoist: 'Critical theory takes into consideration a regulating decision for a social and political order not quite the same as the common order, yet it restrains the scope of decision to option orders which are doable changes of the current world'. However, problem-solving theory 'is a manual for strategic activities which, expected or unintended, manage the current or der'. While this refinement is a valuable expository classification to understand complex theories, it additionally improves the hypothetical venture along the lines of the individuals who are keen on information for strengthening the current order and the individuals who look for learning for change, driving each possible theory to distinguish itself with both of these two streams. In nowadays of hybridism, such slick classifications will most likely be unable to catch the lavishness and full ramifications of individual theories. (Moolakkattu, 2009) As indicated by Cox, the space for activity is constrained inside a structure for activity, which would be the beginning stage of critical theory. Further, the errand of estimating cannot prompt a conclusion, yet should 'ceaselessly be started once again'. The system for activity or recorded structure changes after some time and these progressions should be comprehended by critical theory. These structures 'constitute the connection of propensities, weights, desires, and imperatives inside which move makes place'. Such structures should be looked upon not from a point of view of multiplication and framework upkeep as problem-solving scholars do, however from the outside as far as development of contentions and the conceivable outcomes for their change. (Zacher and Cox, 1970) For Cox, the Cold War spoke to a period in which there was relative dependability of central structures representing the striking nature of problem-solving theory. Nevertheless, in the 1990s, when these structures slackened and there was high monetary rivalry, the estimation of problem-solving theory declined and critical theory picked up ascendance. The primary reason gives rise to 'problem-solving' theory. It takes the world, as it is, "with the common social force and relationship and the establishments into which they are sorted out, as the given structure for activity". Quite, this theory is a-verifiable and a-social. "It places a proceeding with present (the perpetual quality of the foundations and force relations which constitute its parameters), the point of which is "to make this relationship and establishments work easily by managing specific wellsprings of inconvenience". (Zacher and Cox, 1970) As per it, the general example of foundations and relationships is not raised doubt about, and "specific problems can be considered in connection to the particular zones of movement in which they emerge". Based on this, the problem-theory can "alter points of confinement or parameters to a problem zone and to diminish the announcements of a specific problem to a predetermined number of variables which are agreeable to moderately close and exact examination" This thought of fixity, in any case, is false since "the social and political order is not settled but rather (in any event in a long-run point of view) is evolving." at the end of the day, the presumption of fixity is ideological. It serves "specific national, sectional, or class interests, which are OK with the given order" (Zacher and Cox, 1970) Inverse to the problem solving theory is the critical theory. "It stands separated from the world order and gets some information about". Not at all like the problem-solving theory it "doesn't take the organizations and social and force relations for allowed" yet addresses their birthplace and asks, "how and whether they may be currently change" Hence, "it is guided towards and examination to the very system for activity, or problematic, which problem solving theory acknowledges as its parameters". At the end of the day, critical theory is social theory and theory of history. It takes as its beginning stage some part of human movement, it examinations it social and recorded inceptions and leads "towards the development of a bigger photo of the entire of which at first considered part is only one segment". Not at all like problem-solving theory, critical theory does not begin with a specific point of view on the world, for example, power relations in any case, as I said; it tries "to end up plainly aware of the viewpoint which offers ascend to hypothesizing." (Zacher and Cox, 1970) Consequently, in straightforward terms, any social connection, and the way it creates, can be utilized as lenses [or, perspective] to break down the social world. Critical theorys extension is considerably more extensive than the one of the problem-theory. At the end of the day, it "contains problem-solving theories inside itself. Dissimilar to their intend to tackle the problems emerging in the force domain and along these lines obliging states conflicting interests, the critical theory likewise tries additionally to grasp the very procedures of interest development. Henceforth, rather than considered them to be given and changeless it doubts their beginning and design. Vitally, this theory has an exceptionally solid standardizing slant. It endeavors to understand these procedures as well as endeavors to offer conceivable and reasonable contrasting options to them. (Zacher and Cox, 1970) Traditional Theory and International Relation Traditional, standard theories of IR, i.e. [neo]-authenticity and [neo]-progressivism, are consequently realist (balanced decision) theories. They break down the world through the lenses of a force point of view and are problem-solving theories. The principal takes the dissemination of material force capacities among states as their center problematic, the second concur with that additionally focuses on the effect of local and international society, relationship and specifically organizations as imperative however yet not conclusive players in world governmental issues. The later holds that structures are at last reducible to their units, for this situation, states, Conditioned additionally on the human and subsequently prideful understanding of states qualities (authenticity) or essentially expected as a systemic, basic condition inborn to the arrangement of states (neo/authenticity/progressivism) power [and its distribution] is apparently crucial for the examination of social systems. It indicates the likelihood that one performer in a social relationship will be in a position to do his will in spite of resistance, paying little mind to the premise on which this likelihood rests. Connected to the anarchic arrangement of states, and having as a main priority states deferring material interests and impetuses, it is the force, in a last occurrence, that presents a solid and realistic view on the way of sorted out international life. (Classical theories of international relations, 1997) Nonetheless, the conveyance of states material force abilities to differ and along these lines cause flimsiness misbalances and war in the last occasion. Thus, with regards to their problematic, standard, IR helps solving problems inside international, rebel domain. Drawing on the epistemological convention of positivism, it goes for explaining these procedures and subsequently pleasing, to the degree it is conceivable, states conflicting interests. This prompts rationalists methodological suspicions. These are (the interests), specifically, considered as given; that is, assumed as opposed to built. Given additionally the disordered nature of the international political world, epitomize in the estimations of security, order and most importantly material influence and riches. It is the last two that assume the main ones and the other way around. Right away, the convenience of states prideful utilitarianism is the realist sine qua non of the standard international theory. Constructivism Remarkably, sociological and critical theories are not solitary theories. Especially in IR, there are different sociological, reflectivities streams, which offer fundamental philosophical suspicions, yet leave on some issues. What joins every one of them however is the worry of how [world] legislative issues are socially built. This makes the sociological theory, traditionally counterpoised to rationalistic theory. It focuses on the part of generic social powers, and additionally the effect of social practices, standards, and qualities that are not got from the figuring of interest. (Classical theories of international relations, 1997) Social constructivism specifically, being of interests here, is additionally a critical IR theory. Other than its standard genealogical relationship with the International society approaches and the Critical International theory it has vigorously drawn on an assortment of sociological viewpoints, for example, recorded and sociological institutionalism, structuration theory, post-innovation, women's liberation and so on its philosophical center draws on the conventions of vision and comprehensive quality (structuralism). The primary holds that the physical is only a gathering of thoughts; the second contends that frameworks and their properties ought to be seen as wholes, not accumulations of parts. (Classical theories of international relations, 1997) In straightforward terms, in this way, constructivism includes the accompanying cases: "that the basic structures of international governmental issues are social as opposed to entirely material (a case that contradicts realism), and that these structures shape on-screen characters personalities and interests, as opposed to only their conduct (a case that restricts logic). As it were, ontologically, ideational components (thoughts, standards, organizations, talk, society) go before material classifications and give them significance and sense. Regularly, their relationship is interlinked and commonly tried and true, however it is thoughts the distance down in any case that constitute the material world. Conclusion A large number of Cox's suggestions, especially in his later compositions, stands on an essential needs point of view, in light of constraint of needs, based on the establishments of an option model of improvement. He sees much guarantee in the motivation of the new social developments and in the strategies for the participatory activity specialists. Later works have made the idea of "class" entirely liquid to bring under it classifications like sexual orientation and race. On occasion, his thoughts, especially those identifying with ID of performing artists and systems of change show similitude with the Gandhian methodology. For instance, he investigates the utilization model of the Western economies along with which how it has made a disjuncture of money from the genuine economy, and genuine economy from the biosphere. Cox, nonetheless, is by all accounts deficiently seized of the characteristic inconsistencies between Marxism, which looks upon rationalistic/emancipator potential o utcomes improving with materialistic advancement, and non-utilization arranged essential needs approaches that look upon such realist models as unsustainable and life undermining. 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